---
title: 茶之基础
url: 'https://howtotea.me/zh'
markdown: 'https://howtotea.me/zh/index.md'
lang: zh
date: '2026-11-03'
description: 茶与茶器百科：茶由什么制成，中国茶的六大茶类、各类名茶与产区有何不同，又该用盖碗还是宜兴紫砂壶，泡茶用水、茶叶保存与冲泡方法。
---

# 茶之基础

 [ 六大茶类 chá ](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB) 

绿茶、白茶、黄茶、乌龙茶、红茶和黑茶，区别在于叶子的加工方式和氧化程度。 [全部茶类](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB)

## 六大茶类

- [ 绿茶 绿茶 lǜ chá ](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%BB%BF%E8%8C%B6) 水温 75–85° · 3–4 克 每150毫升
    - [龙井](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%BB%BF%E8%8C%B6/%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%95)龙井
    - [碧螺春](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%BB%BF%E8%8C%B6/%E7%A2%A7%E8%9E%BA%E6%98%A5)碧螺春
    - [黄山毛峰](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%BB%BF%E8%8C%B6/%E9%BB%84%E5%B1%B1%E6%AF%9B%E5%B3%B0)黄山毛峰
- [ 白茶 白茶 bái chá ](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%99%BD%E8%8C%B6) 水温 85–90° · 5 克 每 100 毫升
    - [白毫银针](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%99%BD%E8%8C%B6/%E7%99%BD%E6%AF%AB%E9%93%B6%E9%92%88)白毫银针
    - [白牡丹](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%99%BD%E8%8C%B6/%E7%99%BD%E7%89%A1%E4%B8%B9)白牡丹
    - [寿眉](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%99%BD%E8%8C%B6/%E5%AF%BF%E7%9C%89)寿眉
- [ 黄茶 黄茶 huáng chá ](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E9%BB%84%E8%8C%B6) 水温 80–85° · 3 克 每150毫升
    - [君山银针](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E9%BB%84%E8%8C%B6/%E5%90%9B%E5%B1%B1%E9%93%B6%E9%92%88)君山银针
    - [蒙顶黄芽](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E9%BB%84%E8%8C%B6/%E8%92%99%E9%A1%B6%E9%BB%84%E8%8A%BD)蒙顶黄芽
    - [霍山黄芽](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E9%BB%84%E8%8C%B6/%E9%9C%8D%E5%B1%B1%E9%BB%84%E8%8A%BD)霍山黄芽
- [ 乌龙茶 乌龙茶 wū lóng chá ](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E4%B9%8C%E9%BE%99%E8%8C%B6) 水温 95–100° · 7 克 每100毫升
    - [铁观音](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E4%B9%8C%E9%BE%99%E8%8C%B6/%E9%93%81%E8%A7%82%E9%9F%B3)铁观音
    - [大红袍](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E4%B9%8C%E9%BE%99%E8%8C%B6/%E5%A4%A7%E7%BA%A2%E8%A2%8D)大红袍
    - [凤凰单丛](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E4%B9%8C%E9%BE%99%E8%8C%B6/%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%9B)凤凰单丛
    - [肉桂](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E4%B9%8C%E9%BE%99%E8%8C%B6/%E8%82%89%E6%A1%82)肉桂
    - [冻顶乌龙](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E4%B9%8C%E9%BE%99%E8%8C%B6/%E5%86%BB%E9%A1%B6%E4%B9%8C%E9%BE%99)凍頂烏龍
- [ 红茶 红茶 hóng chá ](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%BA%A2%E8%8C%B6) 水温 90–95° · 4–5 克 每100毫升
    - [滇红](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%BA%A2%E8%8C%B6/%E6%BB%87%E7%BA%A2)滇红
    - [祁门红茶](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%BA%A2%E8%8C%B6/%E7%A5%81%E9%97%A8%E7%BA%A2%E8%8C%B6)祁门红茶
    - [正山小种](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%BA%A2%E8%8C%B6/%E6%AD%A3%E5%B1%B1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A7%8D)正山小种
    - [金骏眉](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E7%BA%A2%E8%8C%B6/%E9%87%91%E9%AA%8F%E7%9C%89)金骏眉
- [ 黑茶 黑茶 hēi chá ](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E9%BB%91%E8%8C%B6) 水温 95–100° · 6 克 每 100 毫升
    - [普洱茶](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E9%BB%91%E8%8C%B6/%E6%99%AE%E6%B4%B1%E8%8C%B6)普洱茶
    - [六堡茶](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E9%BB%91%E8%8C%B6/%E5%85%AD%E5%A0%A1%E8%8C%B6)六堡茶
    - [安化黑茶](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB/%E9%BB%91%E8%8C%B6/%E5%AE%89%E5%8C%96)安化黑茶

## 茶器, 泡茶, 茶科学 与 茶的传统

- [ 茶具 茶器 chá jù ](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8) 36 篇指南
    - [冲泡器具](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E5%86%B2%E6%B3%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%85%B7)
    - [盖碗](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E5%86%B2%E6%B3%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%85%B7/%E7%9B%96%E7%A2%97)盖碗
    - [宜兴紫砂壶](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E5%86%B2%E6%B3%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%85%B7/%E5%AE%9C%E5%85%B4%E7%B4%AB%E7%A0%82%E5%A3%B6)宜兴紫砂壶
    - [茶壶结构](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E5%86%B2%E6%B3%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%85%B7/%E8%8C%B6%E5%A3%B6%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84)茶壶结构
    - [公道杯（茶海）](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E5%86%B2%E6%B3%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%85%B7/%E5%85%AC%E9%81%93%E6%9D%AF)公道杯
    - [茶杯](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E5%86%B2%E6%B3%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%85%B7/%E8%8C%B6%E6%9D%AF)品茗杯
    - [茶盘](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E5%86%B2%E6%B3%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%85%B7/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9B%98)茶盘
    - [配件](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E9%85%8D%E4%BB%B6)
    - [煮水壶](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E9%85%8D%E4%BB%B6/%E7%85%AE%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%B6)煮水壶
    - [茶道工具](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E9%85%8D%E4%BB%B6/%E8%8C%B6%E9%81%93%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7)茶道六君子
    - [茶滤与茶包](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E9%85%8D%E4%BB%B6/%E8%8C%B6%E6%BB%A4%E4%B8%8E%E8%8C%B6%E5%8C%85)茶滤
    - [热源](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E9%85%8D%E4%BB%B6/%E7%83%AD%E6%BA%90)
    - [电子秤和温度计](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E9%85%8D%E4%BB%B6/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E7%A7%A4%E5%92%8C%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6%E8%AE%A1)
    - [茶叶罐](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8/%E9%85%8D%E4%BB%B6/%E8%8C%B6%E5%8F%B6%E7%BD%90)茶叶罐
    - [查看整个栏目](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E5%99%A8)
- [ 泡茶 泡茶 pào chá ](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6) 12 篇指南
    - [方法](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95)
    - [工夫茶](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/%E5%B7%A5%E5%A4%AB%E8%8C%B6)工夫茶
    - [西式冲泡](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%8F%E5%86%B2%E6%B3%A1)西式冲泡
    - [杯泡与爷爷式](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/%E6%9D%AF%E6%B3%A1%E4%B8%8E%E7%88%B7%E7%88%B7%E5%BC%8F)杯泡法
    - [冷泡茶](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/%E5%86%B7%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6)冷泡茶
    - [煮茶（zhu cha）](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/%E7%85%AE%E8%8C%B6)煮茶
    - [抹茶](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/%E6%8A%B9%E8%8C%B6)抹茶
    - [煎茶与玉露](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/%E7%85%8E%E8%8C%B6%E4%B8%8E%E7%8E%89%E9%9C%B2)日本茶
    - [基础](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80)
    - [投茶量与时间](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E6%8A%95%E8%8C%B6%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4)投茶量
    - [泡茶用水](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4)水
    - [温壶与洗茶](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E6%B8%A9%E5%A3%B6%E4%B8%8E%E6%B4%97%E8%8C%B6)温壶烫杯
    - [存放](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E5%AD%98%E6%94%BE)存茶
    - [叶片大小](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E5%8F%B6%E7%89%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F)
    - [查看整个栏目](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6)
- [ 茶学 科学 chá xué ](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6) 13 篇指南
    - [化学](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)
    - [咖啡碱](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%A2%B1)咖啡碱
    - [茶多酚](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6/%E8%8C%B6%E5%A4%9A%E9%85%9A)茶多酚
    - [茶氨酸与鲜味](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6/%E8%8C%B6%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8%E4%B8%8E%E9%B2%9C%E5%91%B3)茶氨酸
    - [香气](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6/%E9%A6%99%E6%B0%94)香气
    - [喝茶安全](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6/%E5%96%9D%E8%8C%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8)茶汤安全
    - [水与萃取](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8E%E8%90%83%E5%8F%96)
    - [浸出](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8E%E8%90%83%E5%8F%96/%E6%B5%B8%E5%87%BA)浸出
    - [水的化学](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8E%E8%90%83%E5%8F%96/%E6%B0%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)
    - [添加物](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8E%E8%90%83%E5%8F%96/%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%A9)
    - [审评](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E5%AE%A1%E8%AF%84)
    - [审评](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E5%AE%A1%E8%AF%84/%E5%AE%A1%E8%AF%84)审评
    - [茶叶品鉴](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E5%AE%A1%E8%AF%84/%E8%8C%B6%E5%8F%B6%E5%93%81%E9%89%B4)
    - [品鉴词汇](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/%E5%AE%A1%E8%AF%84/%E5%93%81%E9%89%B4%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87)
    - [查看整个栏目](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6)
- [ 茶文化 传统 chá wénhuà ](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F) 28 篇指南
    - [中国](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD)
    - [历史](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2)
    - [活态茶俗](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%81%E8%8C%B6%E4%BF%97)
    - [日本与韩国](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%8E%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD)
    - [茶之汤](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%8E%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD/%E8%8C%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%B1%A4)茶の湯
    - [煎茶道](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%8E%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD/%E7%85%8E%E8%8C%B6%E9%81%93)煎茶道
    - [furicha](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%8E%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD/furicha)振り茶
    - [茶礼](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%8E%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD/%E8%8C%B6%E7%A4%BC)茶禮
    - [欧洲与俄罗斯](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%8E%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF)
    - [俄式喝茶](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%8E%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF/%E4%BF%84%E5%BC%8F%E5%96%9D%E8%8C%B6)
    - [英国与爱尔兰](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%8E%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8E%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0)
    - [欧洲大陆](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%8E%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86)
    - [中东与中亚](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A)
    - [土耳其与阿塞拜疆](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%8E%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86)
    - [查看整个栏目](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F)

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## Navigation

- Next: [茶的种类](https://howtotea.me/zh/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB.md)